Wednesday, October 30, 2019

You will be analyzing the hyrdrodynamics of different swimming strokes Lab Report

You will be analyzing the hyrdrodynamics of different swimming strokes - Lab Report Example The major purpose of this lab report was to analyze the hydrodynamics of different swimming strokes through considering several factors such as swim time, stroke frequency, stroke length and perceived effort, in the comparison process. From the results, scenario B assumes a shorter swim time and higher stroke frequency than in the case of scenario A. Further, the perceived effort used in B was less than that used in A. The reasons for the observed phenomena, depends on such factors like gravitational pull, friction force and outside pressure. When a swimmer is partially submerged, as shown in A, there is increase in atmospheric pressure and gravitational pull acting thereby resulting in reduced speed. Further, while partially submerged, some parts of the body remain exposed to the air thereby triggering action of friction force between swimmer’s body and air. At the same time, scenario A allows the subject to breath, which in turn reduces the stroke frequency because more time is spent in breathing. The situation is different to scenario B, where swimmer’s body is fully submerged in water leading to reduction in friction force, gravitational pull and atmospheric pressure acting. This triggers shorter swim time, higher stroke frequency and less perceived effort (Stager & Tanner, 2005). The results also manifest differences between scenario C and D, where dolphin kick was used for both with difference being one is submerged while the other is not. C, where full submergence was assumed, both swim time and perceived effort was less than D (not submerged. This can be attributed to the fact that dolphin kick becomes more effective when there is reduced friction and gravitational force through ensuring full submergence (Maglischo, 2003). The reduced forces leads to less perceived efforts and swim time as observed in scenario C. For situation D, more force is allowed to act on the swimmer in addition to efforts spent on breathing

Monday, October 28, 2019

Bullying speech Essay Example for Free

Bullying speech Essay What does it feel like to wake up in the morning and look forward to a day of teasing and name calling? What does it feel like to be engulfed in a world of negativity? Bullying Unwanted and aggressive behavior among school aged children involving real or perceived power imbalance. Bullying is no man’s best friend and it shouldn’t be. We see it all around us in our daily lives. All across the United States, this form of victimization has become an infamous trend among scholars. About 3 million out of America’s 21 million students are affected by bullying. That is about 1 student in every 7 students! Numerous people have different perspectives on what bullying is. Some think it means physical hurting while others think it is only emotional hurting. All of these are correct due to the fact that there are different ways one can be bullied. Bullying is unwanted and repeated behavior among students which includes Physical, Verbal, Indirect, social Alienation, Intimidation and Cyber Bullying. see more:speeches on bullying Physical bullying is a serious problem it is when one person or a group of people picks on or harasses another person in a face to face confrontational manner. Verbal bullying is the most common form but it is just as bad as the other types. It is when an individual uses verbal language (e.g., insults, teasing, etc.) to gain power over his or her peers. Social Alienation is one type of bullying whereby exclusion is occurring between students due to social differences. The devastating part about this form is that it is not easily recognized as a form of bullying. Intimidation is the acts of making someone feel fearful by using threats. Last but not least, Cyber bullying which happens when kids bully each other through electronic devices. Over 25 percent of adolescents and teens have been bullied repeatedly through their cell phones or the Internet. With the increase in our use of technology, this form of bullying is increasing to higher rates. How can you stop this from happening? How can we put an end to bullying? It’s simple. The best way is NOT ignoring it whenever you see it going on. STEP UP! And be an advocate for your fellow peers that are hurting. Bulling is BAD! And it is up to YOU if you would let it happen when  you see it going on or stop it. experience

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Marketing Analysis of Ecovers Current Position in the Market Essay

Marketing Analysis of Ecover's Current Position in the Market 1. Introduction The assignments mainly consists of the following parts: Firstly, an analysis of Ecover’s current position in the market. Secondly, how Ecover is changing its competitive strategy. Thirdly, consumer behaviour towards detergent. Finally, an outline for new marketing strategy for Ecover to enter the supermarket. 2. Background Ecover was founded in 1979 by Frans Bogaerts.It was a modest little detergent company in Malle in northern Belgium. Pierres Magnin a successful Swiss businessman dealing with pharmacies and health food stores, suggested Bogaerts to develop an eco-friendly detergent free of harmful chemicals (which was to be banned by the Swiss government as a part the proposed environmental regulations). Thus they entered the detergent market in Swiss and other key markets. Environmental disasters have made more and more people aware of the urgent need to protect the natural environment. 3 Marketing Audit Marketing audit give a picture of where the company is, how did it get there and where is it heading. It goes through the through the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the company. This analysis is called the SWOT analysis. It is divided into two major parts: External Factors and Internal Factors Strength and weakness are concerned with the internal factors and opportunity and threat are concerned with the external factors. 3.1 External Factors Here only opportunities and threats are analysed as these are supposed to be listed as anticipated events or trends outside the business that have implications for performance. These factors are not controllable by the company. Some of the factors discussed here are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macro environment 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Market 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competition 3.1.1Macro Environment Macro Environment consists of Political (P), Economical (E), Social (S) and Technological (T) factors that affect the Company. Continuous monitoring of these variables is an important marketing function. As Corporations today, Ecover is also sensitive to Macro Environmental changes. Some of the PEST factors that affected Ecover are discussed below. Political: Marketing strategy is deeply affected by political trends. Issues like new laws, regulations, change in foreign policies etc brings change to t he bus... ...entalists to recommend its products. 9.Appendix Appendix 1: Survey of consumer attitudes:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Italy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Japan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Switzerland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pay 10-15% more for green products  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  69  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  72  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  68  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  79  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  42  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  87  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  85  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boycott others  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  82  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  76  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  79  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  74  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Give up 10-15% quality for environmental safety  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  65  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  62  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  74  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  78  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pay more even if its hard to make end meet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  47  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  65  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Source: David Jobber, 1998,Princilpes and practice of Marketing, 2nd Edition. Appendix 2: Table showing Ecover’s competitors ’ market share: Market Share Competitors in Germany& Austria  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More than 50% Competitors in Swiss & Germany  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Almost 50% P&G and Unilever together (in 1980s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Almost 80% Private brands (by 1990)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10-30% 10. Bibliography 1. David Jobber, 1998, Principles and practice of Marketing, Second edition. 2.Subash.C.Jain, 1997, Marketing Planning & Strategy, Fifth Edition. 3.Wayne D.Hoyer, Deborah J.Maclinns, 1997, Consumer Behaviour.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Ethical issues Essay

1. Environmental Hazards: The pollutants that business industry dumps into the environment are more than just ugly nuisance; they are killers. For example, air pollution has been found to be related to deaths from bronchitis, heart disease, as well as emphysema, and several types of cancers. Studies by the American lung Association have concluded that between 50 to 120,000 thousand deaths a year are linked to the air pollution that are disbursed by air from manufacturing companies. Ant there is little doubt that the depletion of the ozone is caused by atmospheric pollution. According to Coleman/ Cressey (2001), The contamination of our waters with poisonous waste, for example, lead, mercury and dumping radioactive materials at sea to include the sinking of certain types of vessel, has already taken many lives. Thus, alone the American industry creates 3000 new chemicals every year, and most of the hundreds of thousand of chemicals used by industry have never been thoroughly tested to find out how dangerous they really are. For example, Dell Computer has come increasing scrutiny for its failure to take a leading role in reducing the amount toxic materials in the production of computers. All so, Dell Computer is using prison inmates (cheap labor) to handle the recycling of computers component parts. Not only is Dell violating environmental laws and contributing to improper disposal of computers that contain high contents of mercury, but also is endangering the inmate’s health. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2005). The growth of our ecological problem actually started in the 1960’s, which prompted groups and individuals to lobby congress to establish laws to protect the public and impose stiff penalties on those businesses that violated the laws. Out of this era came the Radiation Control for Health and safety act of 1968, Clean Water Act of 1972, and Toxic Substance Act of 1976. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2005). The responsibility of enforcing these laws is entrusted to (EPA), Environmental Protection Agency. Even businesses of today, continue to behave in total unethically manner when it come to pollution. Many large corporation don’t have pollution control program and/or mechanism in place that places value on the environment, be it land, sea or air pollution. But, most violators of the â€Å"Acts† receive  just a â€Å"slap on the wrist†. Businesses are more concern about their own self-interest of profits. Thus, continue to show little regards to the fact they are destroying the environment as well as depleting precious resources. Furthermore, the present contemporaries are incline to affluent life style and their materialistic greed have made them careless about the environment. Just as the rules are written for ethical behavior and left open for ones own interpretation and compliance, the same could be said in reference to the pollution control â€Å"Act†, there is a right and wrong way to demonstrate â€Å"environmental awareness†, but organizations continue to ignore the fact that we are on a path of depleting our precious environment. 2. Equal pay for women. â€Å"I believe that not only must the hierarchical nature of the division labor between the sexes be eliminated, but the very division of labor between the sexes itself must be eliminated if women are to attain equal social status with men and if women are to attain the full development of their human potential†. (Hurst, 1998). Throughout history, women were directly involved in production. When the industrial revolution occurred, single women and children were recruited for example from New England to work in textile factories in Rhode Island. Supervisory positions were held by men. Female workers were paid only half of what men were paid, even though they made up approximately 75 percent of the workers (Eisler, 1977). Men were concerned about the entrance of women into the labor market because they felt that it would have a depressing effect on their wages. They fought to keep women out of the craft unions that later developed. Women held strikes in the 1830s and 1840s to protest reductions in wages, speed-ups in work pace, and working hours (Dublin, 1970). Wars change the face of a nation, to include the workforce. During the World War II, jobs held formerly by men were accessible to women. The influx of women into the labor force has continued in recent years. In general, women tend to concentrate in white-collar and service occupations, while men are  more spread out between white collar and blue-collar positions. A decline in occupational segregation has occurred in broad occupational categories, largely because of shifts in technology and organizational structures. But despite these general improvements, women still are found disproportionately in certain occupations such as nursing, teaching and hold only a small percentage of positions as computer specialists, scientist and engineers. Similarly, a man and woman may be both be in sales, but the woman is much more likely to be in clothing sales, while the mans is involved in selling of stocks and bonds. Craft occupations are another group of occupations in which women continue to be severely underrepresented (Herz, Wootton, 1996). According to a US Department of Labor (1996) report, in 1979, women who worked full time made about 63 percent of what men did, but in 1995, women earned about 75 percent as much as men. However, this decline may be due more to decreases in the earnings of men, in general, than it is to real improvement for women (Bernhardt et al., 1995). The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA) guarantee that women holding essentially the same jobs as men will be treated with respect and fairly compensated regarding all rewards of work: wages, salaries, commissions, overtime pay, bonuses, premium pay, and benefits. However, comparisons cannot be made across different companies. Interestingly, employers may pay workers of one gender more than another on the basis of merit, seniority, quality and quantity of production, or any other factor other than sex. Given that women are still reaching a glass ceiling, particularly when it comes to upper management, CEO positions, these allowed practices are still discriminatory practices. How is equality of position established? By determining and setting criteria for skill, effort, responsibility, and working condition. Ivancevic (2004) maintains that the difference in wages includes also â€Å"any type of compensation such as vacations, holiday pay, leave of absence, overtime pay, lodging, food, reimbursement for clothing or other expenses†. In order to close the remaining earning gap, the concept of equal pay for equal jobs to be expanded to include equal pay for comparable jobs has become more widely  accepted. 3. Women comparable worth in the job market: The concept of comparable worth maintains that since females are discriminated in the labor market we have to look at the worth and intrinsic value of the job, and although jobs may be dissimilar in content (i.e. nurse and plumber), both are important to society and the organization. My wife maintains that she thinks that the garbage man/woman has a much greater worth and value (what would happen if the garbage wouldn’t be picked up?) than a doctor, for example, for she seldom goes to the doctor, at least not weekly. Even when men take â€Å"women’s work†, they are on top of the pay scale. The solution to the erosion of inequality is, regardless whether viewed from the perspective of equal pay or comparable worth, that women’s real wages have to rise faster than men’s whose wages don’t have to fall. Though laws now prohibit employers from paying a woman with the same qualification less than a man who does the same work. In support of women rights, I would like to see the law expanded to guarantee that the jobs in which most workers are mostly women are paid at roughly the same rate as comparable jobs in which most workers are men. My own personal experience of equal pay and comparable worth is linked to the military pay system. This particular pay system is a product of across the broad theory, that regardless of gender, the pay at this particular rank is the same for both male and female. There are four major factors that govern advancement for the sexes: education, time in service, training, and experience, though there are special incentives for those with critical skills. In other words, all jobs in this particular specialty are to be considered to be equal in pay for all. Therefore it is my belief regardless if you are male or female with identical qualification and capable of performing at the next level there should be no hesitation in advancement. It has been proven time and time again throughout ranks of military professionals, that women are just as capable and sometime more capable than men at performing the same job, but at a higher rate of success and enthusiasm. In closing, the net worth should be based on the value each job (not female or male) renders to the organization. Reference Bernhardt, Martina Morris, and Mark S. Handcock. 1995. â€Å"Women’s Gains or Men’s Losses? A Closer Look at the Shrinking Gender Gap in Earnings.† American Journal of Sociology 101:302-28. Dublin, Thomas. 1979. Women at Work. New York: Columbia University Press. Eisler, Benita, ed. 1977. The Lowell Offering. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Herz, Diane E., and Barbara H. Wooton. 1996. â€Å"Women in the Workforce: An Overview.† Pp 44-78 in The American Woman 1996-7, edited by C. Costellor and B.K Krimgold. New York: Norton. Hurst, Charles E. 1998. Social Inequality: Forms Causes and Consequences. Allen & Beacon: Needham Heights, MA. Invancevich, J. M. 2004. Human Resource Management. (9th ed). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. U.S. Department of Labor, January 1996. Employment and Earnings. Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Iso 9000, Service Quality and Ergonomics Stanislav Karapetrovic

To cite this document: Stanislav Karapetrovic, (1999),†ISO 9000, service quality and ergonomics†, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 9 Iss: 2 pp. 81 – 89 Permanent link to this document: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/09604529910257948 Downloaded on: 17-10-2012 References: This document contains references to 27 other documents Citations: This document has been cited by 3 other documents To copy this document: [email  protected] com This document has been downloaded 1952 times since 2005. * Users who downloaded this Article also downloaded: *Rujirutana Mandhachitara, Yaowalak Poolthong, (2011),†A model of customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility†, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 25 Iss: 2 pp. 122 – 133 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/08876041111119840 Harold W. Webb, Linda A. Webb, (2004),†SiteQual: an integrated measure of Web site quality†, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 17 Iss: 6 pp. 430 – 440 ht tp://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/17410390410566724 Rabiul Ahasan, Daniel Imbeau, (2003),†Who belongs to ergonomics? An examination of the human factors community†, Work Study, Vol. 52 Iss: 3 pp. 123 – 128 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/00438020310471917Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF GAZA For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www. emeraldinsight. com/authors for more information. About Emerald www. emeraldinsight. com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education.In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensi ve range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. *Related content and download information correct at time of download. Perspectives ISO 9000, service quality and ergonomics Stanislav Karapetrovic 1. Introduction In the last decade or so, we have witnessed an explosion of quality-related standards and regulations.As a result of the continuous quest for better â€Å"quality† of products and services offered to customers, the International Organization for Standardization introduced the ISO 9000 series of quality management and quality assurance standards in 1987. The series currently includes three models for quality assurance (ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003), guidelines for quality management (ISO 9004), and two supporting documents: ISO 9000 Guidelines for Model’s Selection and Use and ISO 8402 Quality Vocabulary (Figure 1). The ISO 9000 standards have been accepted worldwide, with more than 200,000 organizations already registered.The standards present a sound basis for assuring the customer of quality of products and services, as well as the processes that create them. Several other quality-related standards have since emerged, such as the automotive standards QS 9000, environmental management standards ISO 14000, and emerging health and safety international standards (Figura, 1996). The upcoming revision of ISO 9000 standards in the year 2000 (now in the form of a Technical Committee Draft) is expected to further facilitate the use of quality assurance methods the world over.Another commonly used phrase from the 1980s and 1990s has been total quality management (TQM): an integrated approach to the management of quality with special emphasis on delighting customers and improving the wellbeing of all employees in the organization. A number of articles have been written on the relationship between the ISO 9000 series and TQM (Johnson, 1993; Struebing, 1996; Wilson, 1996; Velury, 1996; Corigan, 1994; Sakofsky, 1994; Emmons, 1994), underlying the opinion of quality management professionals that the two are not quite the same.While ISO 9000 series are technical, presenting speci?cations, requirements and guidelines for quality systems, TQM emphasizes teamwork and customer satisfaction. Put another way, TQM is quality management with â€Å"a human touch†. Does this mean that ergonomic aspects of the workplace and customer satisfaction are not emphasized by ISO 9000? Does quality assurance (ISO 9000) emphasize ergonomics and 81 The author Stanislav Karapetrovic is based at the Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.Keywords Ergonomics, ISO 9000, Quality assurance, Service quality, Workers Abstract This paper addresses some ergonomic issues in the ISO 9000-based qualit y assurance. Ergonomics – the study of human factors in engineering and design of systems is brie?y touched on. Then, outlines of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 quality system models are provided, and all 20 requirements of the current ISO 9001:9004 standard are presented in an ergonomic light. Subsequently, human factors in the documentation and implementation of a quality system are illustrated.The relevance of ergonomic studies in the development of service systems is addressed. Finally, a blueprint for an ergonomic assurance system, de?ned as a set of interrelated resources and processes that function in order to achieve objectives related to ergonomic design and use of products and processes, is provided. Managing Service Quality Volume 9  · Number 2  · 1999  · pp. 81–89  © MCB University Press  · 0960-4529 Figure 1 Ergonomics – an essential element of the production and/or service systemRaw Material RESOURCES Ergonomics PROCESS PRODUCT Output Input Ergono mics COST ERGONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS occupational health and safety? In the present time of globalization of markets and internationalization of best-practice standards, such questions can and should be posed. This paper addresses some of the ergonomic issues in the ISO 9000-based quality assurance. Ergonomics, that is the study of human factors in engineering and design of systems, is brie?y touched on.Then, outlines of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 quality system models are provided, and all 20 requirements of the current ISO 9001:9004 standard are presented in an ergonomic light. Subsequently, human factors in the documentation and implementation of a quality system are illustrated. The relevance of ergonomic studies in the development of service systems is addressed. Finally, the design of an ergonomic assurance system based on ISO 9000 is discussed. 2. Ergonomics It seems that it takes a disaster, loss of human life, or a health crisis for most of us to realize how important human factors are.Before the Three Mile Island incident, the Chernobil explosion, the Bhopal pesticide leak, plane crashes involving human errors, or ?ndings that millions of people suffer from repetitive stress injuries, it would have been hard to ?nd anyone who knew what ergonomics or human factors engineering are (not including the ergonomists themselves, of course). Today, however, we often hear about â€Å"ergonomicallydesigned computer mouse and keyboard†, 82 â€Å"ergonomic† chairs, pots, pans, door handles, and automatic teller machines (ATM).We now know that ergonomic design of products and processes is bsolutely crucial for effective and ef?cient work. Ergonomics, or human factors engineering, deals with the design for human use, as well as optimizing working and living conditions (Sanders and McCormick, 1993). The ?rst term (ergonomics) is mainly in use in Europe, while the second (human factors engineering) is often heard in North America. Th e following de?nition, modi?ed from Chapanis (1985), is provided: Ergonomics discovers and applies information about human behavior, limitations, abilities and other human characteristics to the design of systems for ef?cient, safe, comfortable and effective human use.Interested readers are referred to a classic in ergonomics, Sanders’ and McCormick’s â€Å"Human factors in engineering and design† (1993), for more information on the history of the science and a detailed study of many applications of ergonomics. Ergonomics, almost by default, is implied in quality assurance. Quality assurance encompasses techniques used to provide con?dence to customers that their requirements for quality are met. Therefore, by de?nition, human factors are involved. Assurances in the quality of products and services are provided to humans, by humans.In fact, ergonomics and quality assurance are so intertwined that it is impossible to say where one starts and the other ends. Sever al articles in ergonomics literature have already discussed the use of quality assurance techniques in human factors engineering (for instance, see Helander and Burri, 1995; Bergquist and Abeysekera, 1996). For an early account on human factors in quality assurance, the reader is referred to Harris and Chaney (1969). Hence, in the following sections, interrelationships between ergonomics and quality assurance will be addressed. 3.Quality Assurance (ISO 9001) and Management (ISO 9004) Of the three available models for quality system registration, ISO 9001 is undoubtedly the most comprehensive and most widely used. The current version (ISO 9001: 1994), includes 20 elements (requirements), to which a quality assurance system of an organization is assessed (Table I). ISO 9001 covers design, development, production, installation and servicing activities. It is aimed at providing con?dence to internal and external customers that their requirements for quality are continuously met.An organ ization’s anagement is the main internal customer, while external customers include consumers of the organization’s products and services, as well as registrars that assess the suitability and effectiveness of the quality system. ISO 9001 is a generic standard, which means that it is universally applicable to both manufacturing and service organizations, i. e. small businesses (Karapetrovic et al. , 1997), health care and education (Willborn and Cheng, 1994). Rather than focusing on speci?c products and services, ISO 9001 addresses quality systems and processes in?uencing the product throughout its lifecycle.A quality system can be de?ned as a set of processes that function harmoniously, using various resources, to achieve quality objectives (Karapetrovic and Willborn, 1998A). It is in the interaction of human, material and information resources, as well as human resources and processes, that the ergonomic aspects of the quality system emerge. Focusing on the underlyin g concept of a system will help us understand the interrelationships between the quality and ergonomic system, and provide a possibility for integration.Apart from ISO 9001, a set of guidelines numbered ISO 9004 is widely used for developing and implementing quality 83 management. The set currently consists of eight documents, ranging from the guidelines on quality management in service organizations to con?guration and project management. For the purpose of discussing an ergonomic system in services, we turn our attention to the second document in the series, namely the ISO 9004-2 (1994) â€Å"Quality management and quality system elements: Guidelines for services†).In essence very similar in scope and structure to ISO 9001, ISO 9004-2 provides guidelines for establishing quality management throughout the service life cycle, starting from establishing the need for a service, through service design, acquisition of resources, service delivery and status, as well as performance analysis and improvement. Differing from ISO 9001, these guidelines directly address interfaces with customers, including â€Å"creating a perception of the appropriate image based on the reality of actions taken to meet customers needs† (ISO 9004-2: 1994).Effective communication with customers, â€Å"listening to them and keeping them informed†, is particularly emphasized. What is also important from an ergonomic standpoint is that the guidelines provide the basis for adequate training of personnel, including motivation, staff development and communication. Although the training mentioned therein mostly involves â€Å"quality system training†, it could be expanded to environmental, health and safety, and ergonomic system training.For different strategies of using the quality system framework for developing other management systems, including environment and ergonomics, the reader is referred to Karapetrovic and Willborn (1998B and 1998C). In addition to ISO 90 04-2, another standard from the ISO 9004 series, namely ISO 9004: Part 1 â€Å"Guidelines for quality management and quality system elements†, addresses some particular ergonomic aspects. This is done in the standard’s 19th element: Product safety. Speci?cally, it is suggested that â€Å"consideration be given to identifying safety aspects of products and processes with the aim of enhancing safety† (ISO 9004-1: 1994).Steps to achieve this can include: †¢ identifying relevant safety standards; †¢ performing design evaluation tests for safety; †¢ analyzing instructions and warnings to the user; Table I Ergonomic issues and implications of ISO 9001 (1994) ISO 9001 element 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 Management responsibility Quality system Contract review Ergonomic issues Organization ensures that the quality policy is understood at all levels Procedures and work instructions are effectively documented/implemented Customer requirements are adequately de?ned and d ocumentedImplications Quality system documentation should be designed and implemented using ergonomic (human factors engineering) knowledge Ergonomic characteristics of a product, such as environmental conditions, sensory characteristics proper handling and packaging should be determined (see Bergquist and Abeysekera, 1996; Helander and Burri, 1995; Barsky and Dutta, 1997) Products should be ergonomically designed to ensure healthy and safe functioning Quality system documents should be accessible . 4 4. 5 Design control Document control 4. 6 4. 7 4. 8 4. 9 Purchasing Control of customer supplied product Product identi?cation and traceability Process control 4. 10 Inspection and testing 4. 11 Inspection and test equipment 4. 12 Inspection and test status 4. 13 Nonconforming product 4. 14 Corrective and preventive action 4. 15 Handling, storage, †¦, delivery 4. 16 Control of quality records 4. 17 Internal quality audits 4. 18 Training 4. 19 ServicingCrucial characteristics for s afe and proper functioning of the product are identi?ed Appropriate documents are readily available at all locations where essential operations are performed Purchasing documents adequately address speci?ed requirements Adequate procedures for storage and maintenance of the product are in place Product is adequately identi?ed and traceable Suitable equipment and working environment are used Criteria for workmanship is stipulated in the clearest practical manner Records clearly illustrate the results of inspection and testing activities Suitable indicators of calibration status are identi?ed Inspection and test status of the product is identi?ed by suitable means Nonconforming products are adequately identi?ed and segregated Appropriate sources of information are used to detect and eliminate potential/ existing causes of defects Adequate handling, storage, packaging, preservation and delivery of the product is identi?ed and maintained Quality records are adequately identi?ed, indexed , ?led and storedQuality records are easily accessible Quality audits are performed to examine the suitability and effectiveness of the quality system Training needs are identi?ed and adequate training provided Appropriate identi?cation of servicing needs and customer feedback is performed Ergonomic techniques can be used to ensure clear understanding of documents Safe and risk-free storage and maintenance of products is emphasized Identi?cation of products should be performed according to ergonomic guidelines regulations For identi?cation and maintenance of the suitable working environment and hardware, ergonomic analysis and evaluations must be performed Identi?cation of products and equipment should be performed according to ergonomic guidelines and regulations (for example, see Sanders and McCormick, 1993 (part 2), and Harris and Chaney, 1070 (chapters 6-11)Ergonomical analysis of human-information interaction is helpful (for instance, see Sanders and McCormick, 1993 (part 2) Er gonomical design and analysis of handling and packaging of products should be used Ergonomic techniques can be used to ensure clear understanding of documents, and accessibility of records Ergonomic audits/evaluations, identifying areas for possible improvement of human-machineproduct-environment interactions are performed Ergonomic training should be emphasized Ergonomic characteristics of a product, such as environmental conditions, sensory characteristics proper handling and packaging should be determined (see Bergquist and Abeysekera, 1996; Helander and Burri, 1995; Barsky and Dutta, 1997)Statistical tools and techniques are used in ergonomic analysis and evaluations 4. 20 Statistical techniques The need for the application of statistical techniques is identi?ed 84 †¢ developing a means of product traceability to facilitate product recall; †¢ considering development of an emergency plan The following section will address some ergonomic factors in the ISO 9001/9004 qual ity system structure, as well as suggest implementation of this system with ergonomics in mind. 4. Ergonomic considerations of ISO 9001/9004 Quality systems depicted in ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 standards apply to all phases in the life cycle of a service, from initial identi?cation to ?nal satisfaction of customer requirements.The concept of all activities in?uencing the quality of a service throughout its life cycle is often referred to as the â€Å"service quality loop† (ISO 9004-2, 1994). Thus, a service quality system involves three main elements: (1) service; (2) processes along the quality loop; and (3) resources. Likewise, ergonomic considerations within a service quality system include: †¢ Ergonomic design and delivery of service (and/or related products). †¢ Ergonomic design and application of processes. †¢ Analysis of the interaction between human and information/material resources Using Figure 1, it is possible to explain how quality and ergonomics inte rrelate in a quality system. Each product or service made possesses certain characteristics.For example, service quality is a set of characteristics that bear on the service’s ability to satisfy customer requirements. Ergonomic characteristics of products / services provide safe, healthy and ef?cient usage and/or delivery. It is evident that some ergonomic characteristics of a product (or service) are essentially quality characteristics (such as the design of the driver’s seat in a car), and vice-versa. Also, service delivery processes have to satisfy certain requirements that may be ergonomic in nature. For example, the environment in which retail-banking services operate may be altered to provide safety for a bank teller working in it. Finally, ergonomic issues emerge when human, material and informa85 ion resources are combined to create a quality system.The current ISO 9001 quality system has a multitude of elements that are directly applicable to managing ergonomi cs and health/safety. Table I lists all 20 elements of ISO 9001 in the order in which they appear in the standard, illustrates sections and speci?c requirements which pertain to ergonomics, and provides ergonomic implications of the quality system. The implications range from adequate identi?cation of customer ergonomic requirements, ergonomically suitable design of products, services and processes, to identi?cation and maintenance of appropriate working environment and equipment.Such analysis of the ISO 9001 quality system shows that virtually every element of the system includes at least some ergonomic and/or health and safety aspects. This conclusion, however, is not surprising, since ultimately, quality is created by people, and for people. Not only does the content of ISO 9001 relate to human factors (Hansen, 1996), but also its context. A quality system must be adequately documented and implemented in order to operate effectively and ef?ciently. Quality documentation, as a pil lar of the quality system, must be understood and readily available to all persons whose work affects quality, as well as understood by all involved. Ergonomically designed documentation will undoubtedly help people understand their tasks better and improve their performance.New technologies, such as head-up-displays (Geiselman and Osgood, 1995; Karapetrovic, 1995), computer-aided communication (through electronic mail and the Internet) can greatly improve the implementation of a quality system in any organization. Examples include: †¢ Operators using HUDs for display of quality procedures and work instructions. †¢ Paperless ISO 9000 documentation, i. e. documents available on-line using HTML or Java (Clarkin and Dow, 1997). †¢ Wireless electronic mail for reporting and analysis of quality-related problems. The following section addresses the implementation of human factors engineering in services, using ?nancial services as an example, in more detail. 5. Ergonomics a nd services How do ergonomics relate to service quality systems?To answer that question, we can follow the above-mentioned â€Å"service quality loop† from the inception of the need for service, to the evaluation of whether that need has been satis?ed. In designing a â€Å"quality service†, we must ?rst identify the need for it, as well as ?nd out who would actually need such a service. Put another way, we are de?ning the user and his/her needs. For instance, say we want to open a bank branch in a specific location. Do local bank users really need a branch there? What exactly do they need? Perhaps they need investment services, or easy access to cash, or mortgage consultations. Sanders and McCormick (1993) and Bailey (1982) de?ne the identi?cation of user needs through observation, interviews and questionnaires as ergonomic activities that apply here.Psychology-based tools of ergonomics deal in particular with an effective and ef?cient determination of user needs. The service system is subsequently designed on the basis of identi?ed needs. We have determined that local users require access to money from their accounts as well as the possibility of discussing investments. Now, we need to allocate resources to required banking functions. These resources include people (bank employees), hardware (automatic teller machines (ATM), computers) and software. Which particular functions should we assign to people, and which to machines? For instance, for easy access to cash, we would assume that a 24hour ATM would be appropriate.However, what if most of the bank’s clients are seniors, who are still not accustomed to trusting machines in dealing with deposits or withdrawals, or if the bank is located in a place where people prefer customer service and contact with bank tellers rather than machines? Ergonomic studies help us in determining speci?c capabilities of people, hardware and software, and can provide signi?cant assistance in allocating system functions. Then, we can decide whether to completely automate certain functions, or to assign people to perform them, or use both machines and people. For example, a bank may decide to allow withdrawals of less than $1,000 from an ATM. If a customer wants to withdraw more than that, he/she would have to go to a bank teller. 86Once we have decided which resources the bank should have (say three ATMs, four tellers and two investment advisors), we need to perform an analysis of the required processes, activities and tasks. Put another way, we are listing the sequence of activities that need to be conducted in order to accomplish a speci?c function. Flowcharts are particularly helpful here. For instance, we can specify a procedure for cash withdrawals from the bank. This, in ergonomics, is called task description and analysis (Sanders and McCormick, 1993). Whenever we have some interaction between people and hardware or software, such as when a teller needs to input withdrawal informat ion into the database, there are ergonomic implications.For example, in the bank where I normally do my ?nancial transactions, computer monitors and keyboards are placed so low in relation to the counter, that the teller needs to bend down every time he/she inputs the information, virtually disappearing behind the counter. Just imagine how many times the teller needs to bend like that every day, every week, every month. Put another way, in designing the work space for employees, e. g. placing customer service counters and computers in determined locations, allocating space for safety deposit boxes, etc. , we inevitably in?uence the comfort, safety and ef?ciency of people working in such spaces. All these are ergonomic considerations that can in?uence the quality of the product or service.The likely reason why tellers in my bank still have to bend down to reach the computer is that it was probably never de?ned as a problem at all. The existence of an ergonomic program within the bank , with planned ergonomic audits and corrective actions, would certainly identify and rectify such a problem. But how can such a program be introduced with minimum cost and maximum bene?ts? Perhaps the solution is in the integration of the existing quality system with an ergonomic program. The integration of quality and environment management systems came naturally, since standards representing best practices were effectively established at the international level (namely ISO 9000 and ISO 14000).This should also be the case with occupational health and safety (OHS), since national and international OHS standards, dubbed ISO 20000 (Figura, 1996) are already emerging. The following section presents an approach to the development of an ergonomic assurance system on the basis of the quality system. 6. Ergonomics assurance system As was mentioned in Section 3 of this paper, the systems concept can greatly assist us in understanding the interrelationships of many production and management processes, among others, quality and ergonomics. For an excellent account of the relationship between ergonomics and the system design, the interested reader can refer to Sanders and McCormick (1993), Chapter 22. While the pplication of the systems concept to service quality is presented elsewhere (Karapetrovic and Willborn, 1998A), it can be used to propose an ergonomic assurance system. We can de?ne ergonomic assurance as â€Å"all those planned and systematic actions aimed at providing con?dence to customers, management and the general public, that their requirements and needs for ergonomically safe products and processes are met†.An ergonomic assurance system is then a â€Å"set of processes and resources that function harmoniously to achieve objectives related to ergonomic design and implementation of products and processes†.Note: Proposed EAS elements are given in bold letters, while numbers represent sections of the ISO 9004-2 Guidelines 87 Similarly to the ISO 14001:1996 environmental management system, an ergonomic assurance system can include Deming’s plan-dostudy-act (PDSA) continuous improvement circle, with the following elements: †¢ Ergonomic objectives. †¢ Planning and design (ergonomic aspects, targets, determination of system performance speci?cations, ergonomic system design). †¢ Resource acquisition and deployment (allocation of functions to people, hardware and software; task analysis, design of jobs and human-hardware-software interfaces; training). †¢ Operation (ergonomic control, monitoring and measurement).†¢ Corrective/preventive action (ergonomic audits). Improvement (ergonomic evaluations, communication with interested parties. Interested parties may include customers, for ergonomic characteristics of the product/service, and employees, for ergonomics of the workplace). Rather than adding speci?c ergonomic and safety requirements to existing quality standards (Barsky and Dutta (1997) sugg est this), a separate ergonomic system standard can be drafted, and then integrated with existing quality management systems. Using the de?nition and the model of a quality system from Karapetrovic and Willborn (1998C), proposed elements of the ergonomic management system (EMS) can be illustrated as in Figure 2.For example, the executive management of an organization should de?ne an ergonomic policy that is documented and communicated to all employees. Ergonomic aspects of all activities and processes within the organization should be identi?ed and speci?c objectives and targets set. An ergonomic management program should be de?ned and documented, and adequate resources allocated. Operation of the EMS should include a statement of responsibility and authority of people involved, identi?cation of training needs and a provision of adequate ergonomic training, and preparation of adequate EMS documentation. Corrective and preventive action to eliminate existing and potential problems sh ould be undertaken, and ergonomic audits would assist in this effort.Finally, the executive management should review the status of the EMS, includ88 ing its effectiveness, suitability, and conformance to the requirements. 7. Conclusion This paper addressed some of the ergonomic issues in the ISO 9000-based quality assurance for services. Outlines of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 quality system models were provided, followed by a discussion of the content of the ISO 9001 standard considering ergonomics and human factors. Ergonomic implementation of a quality system was subsequently addressed. Finally, possible development of an â€Å"ergonomic assurance system† on the basis of ISO 9001 and systems theory was presented. Further research into the development of ergonomic assurance systems is suggested.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Resonating with your reader

Resonating with your reader Resonating with your reader Resonating with your reader By Michael Some writers seem to think their job is to put their ideas into someone elses head. But thats not how it works. Unless youre a brain surgeon, its pretty difficult to get inside someone elses head neatly. Only in science fiction can you actually transport your meanings into another person. How easy it would be if I could perform a Vulcan mind meld on my readers to make them instantly understand everything Im trying to say. But I am not Spock, and neither are you. You cant pack your message into a freight box and be confident that it will absolutely, positively reach your readers heart. What you can do is to use words that you think might evoke the same feelings and thoughts in your reader. In school, I realized that communicating is less like two freight terminals and more like two tuning forks. Strike one fork and the other fork will resonate, if it has the same pitch. You can look at a tuning fork and read the pitch (C# or E or A flat) engraved in the handle. The problem is that, since we cant read other peoples minds, we dont always know what will resonate with them. Im actually terrible at interpersonal communication, so I usually state my ideas in several different ways, hoping I will hit upon something that will help my listener to understand me, before he or she gets impatient with me. But the tuning fork analogy breaks down in real life, with real people. The human mind is not a small set of tuning forks, each set to a precise pitch. Every person has a different life experience. Weve all read different books, which means that different words have different connotations. To one person, the will of the people reminds them of a reality TV show. To another person, it reminds them of their youth in Stalinist Russia. If I have tuning forks in my mind, I have millions of them, and most of them are set to pitches you never heard at the symphony. As a copywriter, you learn what arguments and appeals tend to convince your target market to buy your product. Each target market may respond to a different set of appeals. Some people drink a certain soft drink because they believe that everybody else does. Some people drink it because they believe that nobody else do. As a writer, the best you can do is to try to understand your readers well enough to know what effect certain words will have on them. If you pick the right illustration or analogy, their hearts will ring with yours. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesDoes "Mr" Take a Period?Words That Begin with Q

Monday, October 21, 2019

Meaning of smoke essays

Meaning of smoke essays Sometimes people feel that things are better left unsaid. Such is the case in Chris Avellone's, smoke, which tells the story of two friends who have a good relationship until one speaks the truth that both had been hiding. The smoke in the essay can be looked at as a veil that is concealing the true feelings of the two characters. The setting, which is in a smoke filled bar, can be looked at as a secret hide away that the two friends go to. It is when Kyle starts to bring what is really going on that the conflict starts. When the story starts, the two friends are at a bar playing darts and drinking beer. When Kyle start smoking a cigarette it is then that Dave starts to open up and let the audience know that the two friends have not seen each other in a while. He also starts to describe his friend physically paying special attention to his eyes. Throughout the story Kyle is very vague when answering Dave's questions about his new relationship. Finally he asks his friend if his girl knows about what was going on between the two of them. Dave tries a first to shrug the conversation off but it is at this point that smoke the cigarette is giving off is starting to make sense. "Smoke curled from his nostrils out onto the table, like some kinda dragon" (Avellone, 3). Throughout the entire story the smoke seemed to make Dave feel more comfortable. It seemed as if the presence of the smoke made him telling the story and him even being around Kyle okay. With the smoke curling from his friends nose the reade r is able to get a picture that the smoke is starting to clear. It is only when the smoke seems to be clearing in his eyes, revealing both his and Kyle's true feelings that he started to get uneasy. At this point he attacks his friend and calls him all kinds of vulgar names. He says that he cannot see much because of the smoke and that at that point, "Kyle just faded out into the smoke in Shoop's" (Avello ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Inspirational Nelson Mandela Quotes

Inspirational Nelson Mandela Quotes We are not anti-white, we are against white supremacy †¦ we have condemned racialism no matter by whom it is professed.Nelson Mandela, defence statement during the Treason Trial, 1961. Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another†¦Nelson Mandela, Inaugural Address, Pretoria 9 May 1994. We enter into a covenant that we shall build a society in which all South Africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without and fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity – a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.Nelson Mandela, Inaugural Address, Pretoria 9 May 1994. Our single most important challenge is therefore to help establish a social order in which the freedom of the individual will truly mean the freedom of the individual. We must construct that people-centred society of freedom in such a manner that it guarantees the political liberties and the human rights of all our citizens.Nelson Mandela, speech at the opening of the South African parliament, Cape Town 25 May 1994. There is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find ways in which you yourself have altered.Nelson Mandela, A Long Walk To Freedom, 1994. If we had any hopes or illusions about the National Party before they came into office, we were disabused of them quickly†¦The arbitrary and meaningless tests to decide black form Coloured or Coloured from white often resulted in tragic cases†¦Where one was allowed to live and work could rest on such absurd distinctions as the curl of ones hair or the size of ones lips.Nelson Mandela, Long Walk To Freedom, 1994. †¦the only [other] thing my father bestowed upon me at birth was a name, Rolihlahla. In Xhosa, Rolihlahla literally means pulling the branch of a tree, but its colloquial meaning more accurately would be troublemaker.Nelson Mandela, Long Walk To Freedom, 1994. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for, and to see realised. But my Lord, if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.Nelson Mandela, defence statement during the Rivonia Trial, 1964. Also repeated during the closing of his speech delivered in Cape Town on the day he was released from prison 27 years later, on 11 February 1990.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Uncovering the blind spot article Research Paper

Uncovering the blind spot article - Research Paper Example 2). The process of solving a problem, for example, involves generative and analytical approach for understanding available solutions and their consequences before identifying the best alternative. The definition of critical thinking that include a reflective approach also corresponds to Scharmer’s elements of generative listening and the U theory of understanding inner environment towards informed decisions and actions (Marquis and Huston, 2009). The article therefore establishes a strategy for understanding a leader’s inner environment towards effective leadership and decisions for solving existing problems. I for example, though subconsciously, applied the U theory to avert a work boycott by my team due to unmet demands by my organization’s management. While the team had complained about poor work conditions and demanded management’s intervention, the concerns were ignored. The team then met one morning and decided to boycott duty until their concerns were addressed. As the team leader, I isolated myself, analyzed the situation, and decided to persuade the team against the boycott and to outline to them the most appropriate strategy for solving the problem, an approach that averted the boycott. The article’s authors identify a transition from the traditional organizational structure in which communication followed bureaucratic processes and initiated communication barriers across levels in organizations. Based on the authors’ research, the traditional approach is rarely used and its application bears little success as compared to the new informal communication model that organizations are currently implementing. The authors further concludes that a shift from the traditional communication model is necessary due to emerging factors such as globalization, technological advancement, and new approaches to value creation and customers relation. Implementing the new communication model

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING - Essay Example Therefore this is the final appraisal report of the evaluation and it is designed to methodically address the said requirements of the Sprocket Ltd management as follows. Table of Contents 1An Overview 2 1.1Existing costing system (20 marks) 3 1.2Issues in the traditional system 3 2An alternate method 5 2.1ABC system 5 2.2Recommended ABC implementation strategy 7 2.3Possible issues for Sprockets with ABC 10 3Conclusions and recommendations 11 4References 12 5Appendix: the most recent costing sheet 13 1.1 Existing costing system (20 marks) Sprockets Ltd was found to be a production company which engages approximately 300 jobs a year. The undertaken jobs are specified by the customers and production is carried on accordingly. At the moment there are three jobs (A, B and C) in production which are broadly similar to each other. As it was understood that A, B and C presents the typical size of a job that is accepted by Sprockets Ltd, they were used to appraise the existing costing system in the company. (The most recent job costing sheet is attached in the Appendix) The current costing system keeps an account of the direct production information i.e. direct materials, direct labour hours and machine operation hours for each job very efficiently. Thereby the respective expenses along with the direct expenses (i.e. 75% of the labour cost) are allocated to each job accurately. The production overhead on the other hand is absorbed at a flat rate of ?3 per machine hour. Based on the total cost calculated by this method for each job, the selling price is set to produce 25% gross profit. 1.2 Issues in the traditional system 1.2.1 The primary issues identified for Sprocket Ltd in their prevailing costing system stems from the production overhead allocation. Production overheads amount to approximately 20% of the total cost of production (ref appendix); which is a significant proportion of costs that must be accurately absorbed into each job separately. The total production overhead was recently analysed and split by Sprocket Ltd as in figure 1. Figure 1 Machinery is said to be a cost pool which consists of machine related expenditure and total salaries (?40,000) of two members of staff. Only the salary cost allocation was identified to be inaccurate in this cost pool as it does not depend on the operation of machine hours. Material handling costs (which are 20%) according to the analysis description is derived from material issues and thus remains unrelated to the machine hours. Inspection cost, which is the salary of the inspector hired by Sprocket Ltd to examine each job too is only barely associated to the machine hours. Sundries on the other hand are only 2% and are related to the factory. Thus its allocation by machine hours is acceptable. Thereby we’ve identified that, absorption of production overheads at ?3 per machine hour for each job is quite inaccurate for most part of the production expenditure. 1.2.2 It is a fact that the data co llected and produced by a costing system is also incorporated into the general accounting system. For this reason the costing approach must allow for easy and sensible delivery of the data for reports to upper management. Sprockets’ traditional costing approach was identified to be lacking in this facility. For an example an in-depth analysis costs in ‘

Friday, October 18, 2019

Please follow the movie and write one paper about this question and Essay

Please follow the movie and write one paper about this question and anlyes - Essay Example The moka is very important because the leader’s reputation and prestige depends on the moka he can organize. Moka is also the manifestation or a validation of the character of the Ongka of his ability to influence and be followed by his tribesmen in raising the gifts for the moka. In the documentary, the Ongka was able to persuade his tribesmen in raising the gifts that will given in the moka for another tribe. Since the moka is an important occasion in the Kawelka tribe to maintain peace and foster trade among other tribes in different valleys, participants in the moka wear their traditional and Highland decoration decorations which typically constitute of the things they have amassed in raising the moka such as pearl shells. The bigger the moka the grander these adornments are because they reflect the reputation and prestige of the Big Man of their tribe who is the Ongka that organized the

Comparative Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative Economic Systems - Essay Example In order to deal with the loss experienced by recession, each nation implemented certain monetary and fiscal policies applying distinct frameworks to stabilize their economy. However, the level of growth and recovery has been noticed at an uneven rate in every nation. Hence, it can be assumed that the economic policies applied, might have evidently worked in different principles for each nation. Introduction At present, the US economy is continuing to undergo an average growth and recovery from its recessionary consequences. The recovery started with the growth of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but has been decelerated significantly throughout 2011. Several economists referred that to date, the economic recovery of the US is uncertain and disappointing (Byun & Frey, 2012). Furthermore, the GDP rate of the UK is expanding at a modest rate. Confronted with the slow economic growth and recovery, Americans have started to suspend formation of families, acquisition of homes and vehicle s among others. Although four years have passed since the recession, the US economy has not observed the superfluous growth that often triggers retrenchment (Miller & Matthews, 2013). Based on this aspect, the essay describes about the economic problem faced by the US. Furthermore, the essay also explains the policy alternatives of the UK and Germany for attaining economic recovery and growth. Policy Responses for the US Economic Growth and Recovery Monetary Policies In order to boost economic stability within the US, the government has utilized conventional monetary policies by reducing the federal funds to about zero for stimulating the economic activity. Subsequently, the rate of federal funds reduced from 5.25% in 2007 to 0.16% in 2008. Since the unemployment rate increased, the government reacted by implementing numerous policies for soothing the financial market and increasing the availability of credit for people and organizations. For example, the US government boarded large -scale asset purchase program and quantitative easing scheme in order to drive down the mortgage rate. These policies resulted in better channel for liquidity and encouraged better confidence among investors (Byun & Frey, 2012). Fiscal Policies The fiscal policies of the government majorly included functions in two grounds namely spending and tax policy. In order to ensure economic growth and recovery, the US government also sanctioned Economic Stimulus Act in 2008, which was intended to deliver tax discounts to households and quicker depreciation regulations for business. With respect to extraordinary actions, the government also enacted Emergency Economic Stabilization Act in 2008 for improving the aggregate capital position of banks and removing troubled assets from balance sheet. Furthermore, government has also extended the unemployment benefits and temporarily reduced the payroll tax to support its failing economic growth (Elwell, 2013). Economic Growth and Recovery in the US The economic recession that was strategically engrossed by the US economy has alleviated due to the adoption of unparalleled policies. During 2010, the deep and long international recession has bottomed out and economic recovery of the US has proceeded. Apart from the US, in Europe, the UK and Germany has also returned to positive economic growth, however applying a distinct policy framework (Cronin, 2013). After the global economic recession, the US economy returned to a positive growth in the third

Thursday, October 17, 2019

New malaria 'poses human threat' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New malaria 'poses human threat' - Assignment Example P. knowlesi resembles the less serious P. malariae under microscopic inspection, but if not properly diagnosed, it can be as deadly as dreaded malarial parasites like P. falciparum. Since P. knowlesi has the ability to reproduce every 24 hours in the blood, urgent medical treatment is needed in cases of infection, failing to which it can turn deadly. The research, headed by Professor Balbir Singh of University Malaysia Sarawak, involved testing over 150 patients with malaria infection admitted to hospital in Sarawak between July 2006 and January 2008. Their study revealed that more than two thirds of these infections were caused by P. knowlesi. Since the major symptom among patients infected with P. knowlesi was the low blood platelet count in them, doctors can take it as a lead to further diagnosis even in places where P. knowlesi is not yet detected to be the cause of malaria. Professor Balram suggests that while treating a patient who had visited a place where P. knowlesi is detec ted to be the cause of malarial infections among humans, clinicians should be â€Å"aware of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and rapid and potentially serious course of P. knowlesi malaria†. The study throws light on the future possibilities of having to deal with new kind of deadly

Marketing Strategy Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy Degree - Essay Example Coca-cola, Kellogg's, McDonald's, Kodak, Marlboro, IBM, American Express, Sony, Mercedes-Benz and Nescafe are generally in the world's top ten brand in the market , and they have reached and retained in such position mainly because of the efforts of marketing and advertising departments ( Stanley, 2003). So exactly what is an advertisement or what can we understand by the term advertisement. Their have been different views regarding the concept of advertisement. According to John Burnett, "Advertisement is a non-personal communication of marketing related information to a target audience, usually paid by the advertiser and delivered through mass media in order to reach specific objective of sponsor". However according to the critic of advertising, Judith Williamson (1978, p.57) states that it's "the most ubiquitous form in which we encounter commercial photography" which means advertising is the 'official art' of the advanced industrial nation of the west. It occupies the newspapers and is covered all over with urban environment, it is highly systematize organization involving many artist, writer and film directors, and consist of a large amount of output of the mass media. Advertisements promote and affect the idea and value which are crucial to a particular economy system. Thus a good advertisement is that, which we should not lose interest in their ideological functions, which is connected to their economic functions (Dyer, 1995 p.2). Another definition by (Longman, 1971) 'Advertising attempts to inform and persuade a large number of people with a single communication'. Therefore in its simple sense the word 'advertising' means capturing the attention to something or telling or advising somebody of something. (Dyer, 1995 p.2). Thus advertising can be seen as a medium for communicating or

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

New malaria 'poses human threat' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New malaria 'poses human threat' - Assignment Example P. knowlesi resembles the less serious P. malariae under microscopic inspection, but if not properly diagnosed, it can be as deadly as dreaded malarial parasites like P. falciparum. Since P. knowlesi has the ability to reproduce every 24 hours in the blood, urgent medical treatment is needed in cases of infection, failing to which it can turn deadly. The research, headed by Professor Balbir Singh of University Malaysia Sarawak, involved testing over 150 patients with malaria infection admitted to hospital in Sarawak between July 2006 and January 2008. Their study revealed that more than two thirds of these infections were caused by P. knowlesi. Since the major symptom among patients infected with P. knowlesi was the low blood platelet count in them, doctors can take it as a lead to further diagnosis even in places where P. knowlesi is not yet detected to be the cause of malaria. Professor Balram suggests that while treating a patient who had visited a place where P. knowlesi is detec ted to be the cause of malarial infections among humans, clinicians should be â€Å"aware of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and rapid and potentially serious course of P. knowlesi malaria†. The study throws light on the future possibilities of having to deal with new kind of deadly

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Segregation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Segregation - Essay Example Despite variety of theoretical models suggested by US scholars to explain the ongoing discrimination in various fields of social life (Massey & Denton 1993; Borjas 1998), the key question still remains unanswered: why several decades of intensive legal and social efforts did so little in terms of eliminating such negative phenomenon as discrimination of minorities Although legal status of minorities is an essential factor in fighting discrimination and segregation, there are likely other equally important factors involved. Main Discussion The efforts to cope with the problem of minorities' segregation and discrimination undertaken during the last five decades largely failed. The seeming success of affirmative action when in 1970 - 1980's the number of students who belonged to racial or national minorities significantly increased, was achieved by reverse discrimination of the white majority: cases of Bakke and Webber (Ball, 2000) in 1970's made this fact evident to the public. Eventually, the surveys of public opinion demonstrated the controversy caused by lack of understanding of the affirmative policy in the nation. A recent survey performed by CNN in 1995 discovered that 80 percent of the respondents felt "affirmative action programs for minorities and women should be continued at some level" (RCPO, 1995). However, at the same time any possibility of reverse discrimination, which in fact had been the main feature of affirmative action programs since 1964, was opposed by 63 percent of participants (RCPO, 1995a). Affirmative action programs in education seem to cause more damage than positive effects. Laws passed to protect minorities from discrimination often led to reverse discrimination instead of... One of the most known accounts of the relationship between prejudice and negative stereotype was suggested by Milton Rokeach, who established a strong link between prejudice and the perception of intergroup differences.Therefore, affiliation with a certain group is an essential aspect of any individual's life. However, an individual affiliated with a certain group starts to distinguish between his/her group and people who belong to other groups which result in the development of two concepts: in-group and out-group. In-group is defined as "†¦ a group to which a person belongs and which forms a part of his or her social identity" while out-group is "any group to which a person does not belong". The major difference between the individual's perception of in-group and out-group members is the following: members of in-groups possess overwhelmingly good personal qualities, while out-group members are perceived with a certain share of negativism. This unique psychological mechanism is likely to be an important contributor to the ongoing discrimination and segregation in the US. This mechanism provides a valid explanation for the phenomenon of ‘voluntary segregation': segregation and racial isolation which results from voluntary choices of the minority representatives in housing, education, etc. The set of negative stereotypes which developed over the centuries when the white majority and the minorities lived on the same territory is an equally important factor in the ongoing discrimination.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Current Situation of SMEs in Saudi Arabia Essay Example for Free

Current Situation of SMEs in Saudi Arabia Essay Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are apparently the central player of most economies, mostly in terms of generating micro employment and largely due to their contributions and development impacts as quantified by increasing growth potentials towards sustainable development. The perception that the significant collaboration of SMEs within the supply chain or pipeline industry of larger companies has engaged the consensus for social responsibility that links with corporate governance. The performance of SMEs in Western and Asian countries could have revolutionized the flow of investments that lead to emergence of new industries. In this paper, the patterns of SMEs’ performance â€Å"to propel the engine of economy† will be discussed in relation with its current situation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Collective situational indicators This section of the paper aims to collectively situate the key economic development of Saudi Arabia as a brief indicator that can link to the current situation of SMEs. As recent information, we cite Saudi Arabia as one of the worlds top reformers and the â€Å"easiest† countries to conduct business that raised 15 places to rank 23rd out of 178 countries. The World Bank quoted, â€Å"Saudi Arabia to be belonging from the global top ten most competitive countries by 2010† (World Bank, 2008). In similar report from prominent online business magazine, it cited that Saudi Arabia is â€Å"even ahead† to other Middle Eastern countries and can be compared to European economies like France and Austria (AME info, 2008). Meanwhile, Switzerland’s World Economic Forum (WEF) observed that Saudi Arabia must realign its educational system to adequately develop the foreseen potentials of the private sector, contingent to boost the economic diversification process as a strategic procedure of â€Å"weaning† from the Kingdom’s mother-industry of petroleum products. To cite, adequate skilled-labor are needed to totally ensure continuing employment and to be self-reliant from being dependent with foreign-owned companies that represents about one-third of the industry (WEF, 2007). Critical consideration The SMEs in Saudi Arabia comprise about 93% of total enterprise units that absorbs an estimated employment of 24. 7% Saudis. The study conducted by the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CSCCI) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has accounted the primary problem of small-medium entrepreneurs as â€Å"deficient in credit-finance-capital facilitation†. (SIDF, 2008) Realizing the SMEs’ role The Saudi Industrial Development Fund (SIDF) has established a â€Å"loan guarantee scheme† aim to facilitate the SMEs application for commercial bank loans. To avail commercial bank loans, the SMEs’ applicants must be under the category of â€Å"small company† that has â€Å"lesser asset† of SR. 50 million and required to employ 250 workers, and to generate annual revenues of SR. 10 million. (SIDF, 2008) As cited, the loan guarantee scheme has specifically outlined the guidelines, such as (1) initial infusion of SR. 200 million representing equities of 50% from 10 commercial banks and another 50% from the government; (2) guarantee fees for SIDF handling charges or facilitation of 175 basis points; (3) guarantee maximum amount of SR. 1. 5 million and 75% of the outstanding or current loan; (4) loan period from 7 years for fixed assets and 4 years for working capital; and (5) proposed imposition of bank loan rates at 400 â€Å"basis points† above the Saudi Interbank Offer Rate (CSCCI, 2008). The â€Å"divestment† of the financing scheme has been proposed to future investments by SIDF to access more funding support and produce substantial returns on investments. (CSCCI, 2008) On the other hand, the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) has proposed ruling on â€Å"collateral loans† to exclude fixed assets on owner-occupied-residential housing which is under the SIDF. Whereas, shall effect the collateral in pursuance with the Public Collections Act that implement accelerated collateral enforcement procedure with no restrictions of the Shariah (law of Koran) Islamic court. The lending bank shall collect 75% from lent amount upon failure to pay in 3 consecutive months. (SAGIA, 2008) A multilateral capital investment to SMEs in Saudi Arabia has been proposed by the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA), the Venture Capital Bank of Bahrain and the Global Emerging Markets (GEM) investment-operations in New York, London and Paris. The multi-entity investment is a partnership aim to venture-out an â€Å"independent† $100 million dollar capital budget to develop opportunity-growth of SMEs. To cite, the opportunity-growth is envisioned to establish the SMEs’ market direction, micro-macro business-economic environment and strategic market-values. (CSCCI, 2008) SWOT Analysis and general perceptions The Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) analysis depicting in this section of the paper is based upon the initially indicated findings on the current situation of SMEs in Saudi Arabia. Strength One of the indicated strength of the SMEs in Saudi Arabia is its capability to contribute employment of 24. 7%, as indicated by Saudi Industrial Development Fund (SIDF) and the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CSCCI). The composition of SMEs to represent 93% of enterprise units is an added strength of capable performance. In support to this perception, an earlier claim on the performance of SMEs has been cited that 90% of â€Å"diverse† business from the small entrepreneurs of public sector basically operates in trade and manufacturing of petroleum by-products that is expected to contribute 50% of local industrial production (Bundagji, 2005). Weakness Like most common issues confronted by SMEs worldwide, the â€Å"private volunteerism† to industry development has yet to convey â€Å"popular† performance prior to government’s intervention. The foreign entities recognition to industry-wide participation of the private sector rekindles the Saudi government to focus on human development. The domestic competition on labor skills as attributed by emerging foreign-based companies could weaken the SMEs’ performance relating to technology advancement, in which translated into production output. Opportunity According to SDIF and CSCCI, a clearer vision for SMEs’ growth-opportunities is underway since the guarantee loans schemes would comprehensively address the industry issues pertaining to accelerate the private sector’s initiative. The comprehensive program is consistent with the financing-support-scheme, subsidies, training and technology innovation, and flexible micro-macro business-policy environment. This â€Å"growth-opportunities† could be deduced as referring to â€Å"tangible† opportunity for local and international partnership, wherein the abovementioned multilateral capital investments to SMEs can be deduced as â€Å"availing† such an opportunity. In which case, the SMEs creation of growth-opportunities could be a continuing â€Å"pipeline† or business linkage of investment. Threat It can be perceived that the prevailing â€Å"assimilation† of SMEs to industry-based economy of Saudi Arabia, as a result of comprehensive growth-opportunity scheme, could pave the way for strategic industry-market positioning of foreign investors. The effect of highly competitive domestic production could draw impact to the world economy, considering that Saudi Arabia is a major supplier of petroleum products to the world market. In addition, an â€Å"economic glut† may be a phenomenon in the production performance affecting the economic activities, in which when supply is high demand is low, and vice-versa. The control or monopoly in foreign trading on oil and its by-products may subsequently occur at the global distribution while â€Å"shrinking value† or total reduction of prices is thrown at the feet of local producers. The threat in foreign trading may only subsist by major stakeholders (wholesalers) and rich consumers like the European countries, US and Japan, to exemplify a few. However, generally the poor economies may end up into recession as a result of decelerated spending due high cost of commodities related to energy-dependent industries on manufacturing of goods. To sum up, the SWOT analysis aim to â€Å"explore the gaps† of the small business sector in Saudi Arabia, in which the gaps could be used as a derivative to reach out in understanding the critical role of SMEs in the general and specific perspectives of the industry. The perceptions may lead to â€Å"measures of undertaking† an assertive and extensive method of studies. Findings and conclusion The SMEs in Saudi Arabia could achieve substantial growth opportunities through intensive institutional support. It is critically viewed that the business environment policy must totally establish a prime-fund-facility that facilitates the crediting scheme, wherein sound financial management accountability would be reflective of governmental fiscal administration to account the financial needs of the private sector. As briefly reviewed, Director Fatin Yousef Bundagji of Women Empowerment and Research at the Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry (JCCI) has found that the SDIF and CSCCI guideline is burdensome and highly extensive that results lesser applications. Bundagji implied that the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) and the Saudi Arabian SME Development Authority (SASMEDA) are not officially a functional authority to provide overall facilitation to the SMEs (Bundagji, 2005). Thus, the earlier finding of Bundagji addresses the current issue of SMEs that must be unified or organized as a coalition to promote its national identity, role and legal representation to the industry. It may be then concluded that the unification process of the SMEs may create â€Å"decentralized† corporate governance to empower the industry sector in Saudi Arabia. This perspective may totally supplant the â€Å"foreign archetype† with ingenuity of locally-generated development-framework of SMEs, to propel the sustainable technological-economic restructuring of the Kingdom from its â€Å"keepers† that amass the wealth of the desert and dwarfed the socio-economic-cultural autonomy of future population. References AME Info (2008). ‘Saudi economic reform to accelerate in 2008’. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. ameinfo. com/144599. html. Bundagji, F. Y. (2005). ‘Small Business and Market Growth in Saudi Arabia’. Arab News. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. benadorassociates. com/article/18663. CSCCI (2008). ‘40 Billion Riyals Funding For the National Industrial Strategy Programs’. Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. saudichambers. org. sa/index_en_6341_ENU_HTML. htm. SAGIA (2008). ‘Why Invest in Saudi Arabia? ’. Saudi Arabian Investment Authority. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. sagia. gov. sa/english/index. php? page=why-invest-in-saudi-arabia. SIDF (2008). ‘Saudi Industrial Development Fund’. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. saudinf. com/main/e32. htm. SIDF (2008). ‘Progress in Industrial Investment’. Saudi Industrial Development Fund. Retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. sidf. gov. sa/english/Saudi-Indu/Industrial/Progress-i/index. htm. WEF (2007). ‘Assessing Competitiveness in the Arab World: Strategies for Sustaining the Growth Momentum’. The Arab World Competitiveness Report 2007. http://www. weforum. org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/chapters/1_1. pdf.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

On Ibsens A Dolls House :: Ibsens A Dolls House

On Ibsen's A Doll's House Author: Ian Johnston Those of you who have just read A Doll's House for the first time will, I suspect, have little trouble forming an initial sense of what it is about, and, if past experience is any guide, many of you will quickly reach a consensus that the major thrust of this play has something to do with gender relations in modern society and offers us, in the actions of the heroine, a vision of the need for a new-found freedom for women (or a woman) amid a suffocating society governed wholly by unsympathetic and insensitive men. I say this because there is no doubt that A Doll's House has long been seen as a landmark in our century's most important social struggle, the fight against the dehumanizing oppression of women, particularly in the middle-class family. Nora's final exit away from all her traditional social obligations is the most famous dramatic statement in fictional depictions of this struggle, and it helped to turn Ibsen (with or without his consent) into an applauded or vilified champion of women's rights and this play into a vital statement which feminists have repeatedly invoked to further their cause. So in reading responses to and interpretations of this play, one frequently comes across statements like the following: Patriarchy's socialization of women into servicing creatures is the major accusation in Nora's painful account to Torvald of how first her father, and then he, used her for their amusement. . . how she had no right to think for herself, only the duty to accept their opinions. Excluded from meaning anything, Nora has never been subject, only object. (Templeton 142). Furthermore, if we go to see a production of this play (at least among English-speaking theatre companies), the chances are we will see something based more or less on this interpretative line: heroic Nora fighting for her freedom against oppressive males and winning out in the end by her courageous final departure. The sympathies will almost certainly be distributed so that our hearts are with Nora, however much we might carry some reservations about her leaving her children. Now, this construction certainly arises from what is in the play, and I don't wish to dismiss it out of hand. However, today I would like to raise some serious question about or qualifications to it. I want to do so because this vision of A Doll's House has always struck me as oversimple, as, in some sense, seriously reductive, an approach that removes from the play much of its complexity and almost all its mystery and power. On Ibsen's A Doll's House :: Ibsen's A Doll's House On Ibsen's A Doll's House Author: Ian Johnston Those of you who have just read A Doll's House for the first time will, I suspect, have little trouble forming an initial sense of what it is about, and, if past experience is any guide, many of you will quickly reach a consensus that the major thrust of this play has something to do with gender relations in modern society and offers us, in the actions of the heroine, a vision of the need for a new-found freedom for women (or a woman) amid a suffocating society governed wholly by unsympathetic and insensitive men. I say this because there is no doubt that A Doll's House has long been seen as a landmark in our century's most important social struggle, the fight against the dehumanizing oppression of women, particularly in the middle-class family. Nora's final exit away from all her traditional social obligations is the most famous dramatic statement in fictional depictions of this struggle, and it helped to turn Ibsen (with or without his consent) into an applauded or vilified champion of women's rights and this play into a vital statement which feminists have repeatedly invoked to further their cause. So in reading responses to and interpretations of this play, one frequently comes across statements like the following: Patriarchy's socialization of women into servicing creatures is the major accusation in Nora's painful account to Torvald of how first her father, and then he, used her for their amusement. . . how she had no right to think for herself, only the duty to accept their opinions. Excluded from meaning anything, Nora has never been subject, only object. (Templeton 142). Furthermore, if we go to see a production of this play (at least among English-speaking theatre companies), the chances are we will see something based more or less on this interpretative line: heroic Nora fighting for her freedom against oppressive males and winning out in the end by her courageous final departure. The sympathies will almost certainly be distributed so that our hearts are with Nora, however much we might carry some reservations about her leaving her children. Now, this construction certainly arises from what is in the play, and I don't wish to dismiss it out of hand. However, today I would like to raise some serious question about or qualifications to it. I want to do so because this vision of A Doll's House has always struck me as oversimple, as, in some sense, seriously reductive, an approach that removes from the play much of its complexity and almost all its mystery and power.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Essay --

Brady Fletcher Mrs. Stone Advanced English III 12. Dec. 2013 Robert E. Lee America has had many people that have made a positive difference to this nation by showing perseverance and putting others first for the greater good for the cause. People from low levels of society and from high levels of society have contributed to change this to become great. Robert E. Lee and his family did not enjoy fantastic wealth (â€Å"American Experience†). Robert E. Lee had an impact on this nation from the military standpoint. He had many difficult choices and decisions to make, like to stay with Virginia or to lead the Union Army. Lee served his country with everything he had. He fought on the battlefield, and commanded troops to victories and defeats. Lee never complained about the situation he was in or gave up when the going got tough. How did Robert E. Lee’s successful military career affect his life and how is he considered a prominent figure in American history? Lee didn’t grow up in a real wealthy family although his family held a position in Virginia’s ruling elite. His father Henry Lee, also known as â€Å"Light-Horse Harry,† was a cavalry leader during the Revolutionary war. Like his father, Robert E. Lee also took the military route when he enrolled in the Military Academy at West Point where he rapidly grew in ranks and graduated second in his class of 1829 (â€Å"American Experience†). After graduating from West Point Lee took the job as an officer in the corps of Engineers, where he supervised and inspected the nation’s coastal defenses. Lee did this for 17 years without having any experience on the field of war. All of this would change very soon for Lee when he would finally set foot on the battle field in Mexico in 1846. Lee r... ...uch to defeat. Lee has had many ups and downs during military career. Because of this, people look to Robert E. Lee as a very good man. He showed loyalty, dedication, and relentless pursue for victory. He truly is a person that you can model your life after and learn some valuable life lessons from him. His courageous and brave lifestyle should be recognized as a prominent figure in United States history. Lee taught people what it meant to be a true American dedicated to make this nation be as good as it can be. He also faced many tough decisions in war whether it was to attack, retreat, or to surrender. Although people make tough decision every day of their life, they don’t compare to the decisions that Lee had to make. Lee’s decisions lead to the death of soldiers in a winning or losing effort. Also his decisions made an impact on the United States. Essay -- Brady Fletcher Mrs. Stone Advanced English III 12. Dec. 2013 Robert E. Lee America has had many people that have made a positive difference to this nation by showing perseverance and putting others first for the greater good for the cause. People from low levels of society and from high levels of society have contributed to change this to become great. Robert E. Lee and his family did not enjoy fantastic wealth (â€Å"American Experience†). Robert E. Lee had an impact on this nation from the military standpoint. He had many difficult choices and decisions to make, like to stay with Virginia or to lead the Union Army. Lee served his country with everything he had. He fought on the battlefield, and commanded troops to victories and defeats. Lee never complained about the situation he was in or gave up when the going got tough. How did Robert E. Lee’s successful military career affect his life and how is he considered a prominent figure in American history? Lee didn’t grow up in a real wealthy family although his family held a position in Virginia’s ruling elite. His father Henry Lee, also known as â€Å"Light-Horse Harry,† was a cavalry leader during the Revolutionary war. Like his father, Robert E. Lee also took the military route when he enrolled in the Military Academy at West Point where he rapidly grew in ranks and graduated second in his class of 1829 (â€Å"American Experience†). After graduating from West Point Lee took the job as an officer in the corps of Engineers, where he supervised and inspected the nation’s coastal defenses. Lee did this for 17 years without having any experience on the field of war. All of this would change very soon for Lee when he would finally set foot on the battle field in Mexico in 1846. Lee r... ...uch to defeat. Lee has had many ups and downs during military career. Because of this, people look to Robert E. Lee as a very good man. He showed loyalty, dedication, and relentless pursue for victory. He truly is a person that you can model your life after and learn some valuable life lessons from him. His courageous and brave lifestyle should be recognized as a prominent figure in United States history. Lee taught people what it meant to be a true American dedicated to make this nation be as good as it can be. He also faced many tough decisions in war whether it was to attack, retreat, or to surrender. Although people make tough decision every day of their life, they don’t compare to the decisions that Lee had to make. Lee’s decisions lead to the death of soldiers in a winning or losing effort. Also his decisions made an impact on the United States.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Lincoln High School

For most students at Lincoln High School, today is no different than any other regular school day. For me however, it’s the day I’ve been looking forward to for over a month. Today is the day when our hard work during numerous evening rehearsals pays off. Today is the day when the hundreds of hours put into making costumes, building the set, and intricate make up designs are displayed. Today is the day we open the show. One by one the students filter into the theater room. For the first evening performance, call is at 5:00, but by the time I’ve arrived at 4:30 room 220 is already filled with students busily preparing for the show. Costumes begin to disappear from the costume closet and a thin layer of powder and cream makeup appears on the counter. I manage to squeeze my way through the mob of people standing around, chatting, applying makeup, or curling hair and find myself a wonderful seat in front of the mirror. As I sit down I’m overcome with a thick, chocking cloud of hairspray. Over the next hour students slowly transform into their characters, no longer the same people who walked through the door earlier this evening. The director enters and shouts â€Å"Twenty minutes until show!† Myself, and everyone one else in the theater room echoes in response, â€Å"Thank you twenty!† You can almost feel the level of excitement rising. The chattering gets a little louder. Soon after the announcement, the cast gather around the tables and began to stretch. The chattering dies down, and I begin to reflect over what we’ve accomplished over the last month and a half. Five minutes until the show starts. Everyone circles up and join hands so the seniors can continue on the tradition of â€Å"The Energy Circle†. â€Å"Are you ready?† Everyone replies in their stage whisper, â€Å"Yeahhhhh!† â€Å"Then let’s get ready to rumble!† The wave is started around the circle. It goes around once, twice, and than dies out. It’s time to report to our places. As everybody waits, cramped in the wings of the stage, my mind begins to race with questions. What if I forget my line? What if I miss a cue? My thoughts are intercepted with the dimming of the lights. Black out. Everyone quickly, but quietly gets into their opening position and freezes. The lights come up, and the show begins. Time starts to fly by. We are performing the show better than at any rehearsal. Before I know it I’m taking a bow. The crowd is cheering wildly. The lights go out and the cast exits off stage. Only moments later, the senior dip begins to fill with parents, grandparents, siblings, and friends. I am overjoyed to see some of my friends, and immediately I am bombarded with hugs and positive reviews. Soon, people begin to pull away from their family and friends because there are duties and chores that need to be taken care of before anyone can leave. Costumes are gathered, neatly hung up and the makeup grime is wiped off of the counter. The floor is moped, the tables are cleaned, and the chairs are pushed in, ready for students in class tomorrow. The room is spotless, and we are allowed to go home and rest to prepare for another show tomorrow night.