A Contrast and Comparison Between Two Historical Bands Essay Example for Free

A Contrast and Comparison Between Two Historical Bands Essay Both Metallica and Ozzy have suffered tragedies in regard to their band members. In March 1982, Randy Rhodes, the lead guitarist for Ozzy’s band, died in a plane crash. This was not something that anyone, let alone Ozzy, would have thought would happen. Randy was afraid to fly, but he was convinced by the pilot of the plane that it would be a safe flight, and he would not perform any crazy stunts like he normally did when flying the band. However, the pilot couldn’t resist doing a â€Å"fly by† and when the plane buzzed by the home, the pilot got too close and the wing clipped the house causing the pilot to lose control and crash the plane. This tragedy devastated Ozzy; Randy was like a family member to him. For a while Ozzy was not sure he wanted to continue in the music business and almost ended his career. However, he eventually realized Randy would want him to continue and so Ozzy continued to make music. Metallica also lost a band member in a tragic accident. In September 1986, while the band was on tour in Sweden, the driver of the tour bus lost control causing it to crash and flip several times. Band member, Cliff Burton, was asleep in the back of the bus and when the bus began to flip he was thrown out of one of the windows. The bus landed on top of him and he died instantly. Cliff was the bassist for the band and they loved him like family, but they believed the band must continue so he was replaced. Despite continuing with their lives, the rest of the band will always remember Cliff, and he will live on in their hearts and also in their music. As with many heavy metal bands, Metallica and Ozzy have also dealt with alcohol and drug addiction. This led to legal and personal issues within their lives. Ozzy was banned from the city of San Antonio for urinating on the Alamo while inebriated. During another one of his drunken binges, he tried to strangle his wife, Sharon. Metallica’s problems with alcohol did not lead to expulsion from any public place, or any form of attempted murder, but at one point they did treat one of their band members, Jason Newsted, very badly. The explanation from every band member, for their mistreatment of him, is that they were mourning the death of Cliff Burton, and this was therapy for them. They did often treat him as if he were an outsider and not a true member of the band. They hazed him terribly and treated him as if he were their lackey rather than a true band member. On one the albums, And Justice For All, they went as far as to turn down his bass, so he is not even heard on the album. The hazing, drinking, and drug abuse lead to strife within the band, and contributed to Jason leaving. Eventually the lead singer of Metallica, James, went to rehab and spent three months working on getting sober. Both Metallica and Ozzy have been sober for over five years now. Another way in which the bands are similar is that both Metallica and Ozzy have had their share of controversy, furthering the belief in the heavy metal band stereotype. Ozzy was known for theatrics and stunts during his concerts which furthered the public’s perception that he was a devil worshipper. At one point in his career, Ozzy bit the head off of a bat at one of his concerts. It was thrown onto the stage and he maintains that he was not aware the bat was real until after he bit off the head. He also bit a doves head off, while intoxicated, during a meeting with some record company executives, furthering the belief that he is a Satanist. Metallica is not known for wild theatrics during their concerts but their behaviors after their concerts, as well as their professional dealings, have been a source of controversy within their career. They were the first band to sue Napster for piracy which really angered their fans. Their excessive use of drugs and alcohol, as well as their sexual promiscuity while married, also altered fan’s view of them. The drugs, alcohol and loose morals have all led to changes within the band’s lives. When Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield became parents, they decided to change their ways, become sober, and believe in more than money. When one thinks of heavy metal music and artists, they often think of devil worshipping and substance abuse. While in some cases this is true, that is not the case with Metallica and Ozzy. In fact, what most people do not realize is that both bands and their members are Christians. Ozzy always has been a member of the Church of England. It is well known that he prays before each performance as well as professing his beliefs in several of his songs. Metallica members are born again Christians and they profess this in many of their songs as well. While it is true that Ozzy and Metallica both have song lyrics that contradict their religious view. Songs such as Jump in the Fire by Metallica, with lyrics such as â€Å"Follow me now my child. Do just as I say. Jump by your will or be taken by force, I’ll get you either way†, are primarily for shock value. Many metal bands completely fit the stereotype of being drug addicted, alcoholic, and Satan worshipers. However, some bands, such as Metallica and Ozzy Osborne, have managed to overcome these addictions and are Christians. They love the metal sound, music, and beat and continue to make the type of music they are known for without the lifestyle of most metal bands. Both bands have had their share of controversy throughout their careers but have overcome this controversy and continue to have a large fan base, even after all these years. These two bands are very similar in many ways: they have stood the test of time and continue to have their fans despite some of the crazy things they have done. Metallica continues to make music while Ozzy now focuses more on family for various reasons, but their music continues to touch the lives of their fans, and no matter what happens, that will never change.

Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay Example for Free

Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay â€Å"The pursuit of happiness† isn’t that what we all strive for? Some find it in family and friendship; some find it in love and others in money and work. I find happiness in knowing that with much determination and will power I have been able to pursue my lifelong dream of being a nurse. The medical field is an area of constant change and evolution in society on a daily basis thus producing great challenges to those who take healthcare seriously. My goals for pursuing my educational advancement are first and foremost to continue to grow; stay equipped and continue to care for my patients with the utmost quality and knowledge. Being a nurse has been such a privilege to me and an opportunity to share the gift of love through compassionate care to people who are hurting. See more: how to write a scholarship essay for study abroad I originally â€Å"fell in love† with the ministry of nursing as a young girl during my studies about Florence Nightingale and her service to our military men. Not only did she administer first aide to the soldiers on the battlefield she also tended to their souls. I knew that nursing was my calling and that Florence Nightingale would be my mentor. As I grew older and life circumstances led me to being a single mother raising two children, I decided to add another level of fulfillment in my life and pursue a career in nursing. This decision was not easy but motherhood not only gave me a fresh sense of purpose and passion for life it was also the motivating factor to choose nursing as a reliable career. Happiness is not something you postpone for the future; it is something you design for the present. Therefore; pursuing my educational advancement in nursing is my design for today.

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay If you already have a personal loan, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people dont bother changing their loan and stick with a loan rate that doesnt reflect the best deal. By using our search tool to compare loans, you can compare offers available from loan providers in the UK including both personal loans and homeowner loans. A loan is an amount of money you borrow from your bank or any financial institution, usually over a fixed period of time, which is repaid at regular intervals. Interest is charged and added to the original loan amount, and other charges, such as an Administration Fee, may apply to the loan as well. Generally, there are 2 types of loans secured and unsecured loan. Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Unsecured personal loans are available for a range of different amounts and repayment terms. Larger loans such as those for over  £10,000 can usually be taken over longer terms, for example between seven and 10 years, and the maximum you can borrow is about  £25,000. Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. The most common personal loans are fixed, which means repayments are set at a certain amount over a set period of time. Variable loans are also available, although this means that your interest rate is dependent on the bank base rate and could fluctuate. When choosing a loan you should pay careful attention to the APR, the Annual Percentage Rate, this is important because it tells you how much you are paying back. Secured loans Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Payday Loans Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. Payday loans are intended only as a short term arrangement. As with an overdraft, payday loans should not be seen as a long term solution. Mortgages A mortgage is a large loan secured against your home, usually for a standard term of 25 years. Remember that a mortgage is a secured loan, which means that the lender could take your home away if you do not keep up with payments. There are two main ways you can repay your home loan, either through a Repayment scheme or an Interest Only scheme. Repayment: This means that you pay back the capital and the interest of your mortgage on a monthly basis. Interest Only: This means you pay off the interest on your mortgage, but not the actual lump sum or capital you owe. What is Remortgaging? This is the process by which a m ortgage on a property is moved from one lender to another. The new mortgage is used to repay the existing lender and at the same time additional funds may be raised for other purposes. Re-mortgaging has become an increasingly popular way to take advantage of the competitive deals offered by lenders to attract new business. If a re-mortgage is being considered then careful attention should be paid to the costs associated with arranging the re-mortgage as well as the savings to be made on the monthly repayment (the costs can sometimes erode any savings to be made). A check should also be made with the existing lender to ensure that there are no early redemption charges. Credit Cards: If you already have a credit card with an outstanding balance, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people dont bother changing their credit card and stick with a credit card that doesnt reflect the best deal. By using our search tools to compare credit cards, you can compare the best offers available from all credit card providers in the UK including the leading 0% balance transfer credit cards and 0% purchase credit cards. Credit Cards offer an easy and flexible way of borrowing for our everyday needs and pay it back in monthly payments. Credit cards offer a safe and convenient way to pay for goods and services both in the UK and abroad, particularly if you are purchasing over the internet, phone or by mail order. Credit Cards can be very handy when you are visiting another country, but it could cost you. The exchange rate used by Credit Card companies for transactions overseas will probably range from 0% to 2.75% above the standard exchange rate. Cash back credit cards pay you a percentage rebate on the money you spend on the card. Cash back credit cards are most profitable if you pay your card balance in full every month. If you intend to keep a balance on your card, you might prefer instead to find one that offers a low interest rate. Most cash backs are calculated in the region of 0.50% to 1.00% of card spend. A prepaid card looks like a credit or debit card, and gives users the ability to purchase products and services with a card but with a crucial difference you can only spend the balance that has been preloaded onto the card. This means there is no risk of running into debt as it has no credit or overdraft facility. Money can be loaded on to a prepaid card by cash at a bank, Post Office, at Payzone or PayPoint terminals, bank transfer, through your employer or even by another credit card. Car Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Car insurance is a legal requirement because cars have the capacity to seriously damage property or injure people and you need to be insured to pay for any accidents you cause. There are three common types of car insurance and each offers a varying level of cover. They are: third party, third party: fire and theft, and comprehensive. Third party insurance covers the minimum required by law. It pays compensation to anyone else who was injured or had their car and property damaged. Third party: fire and theft insurance offers all of the protection that a standard third party policy does but also pays out compensation for damage done to your car by fire or theft. Comprehensive insurance offers the same level of protection as fire and theft but also protects you against accidental damage. Comprehensive cover usually covers personal belonging in the car as well. Home Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Home insurance are of 2 main types: buildings insurance contents insurance. Buildings insurance are those policies that cover the actual building you live in Contents Insurance are those policies that cover the contents of your property. You can buy a single policy that covers you for both, but treat them as two separate policies. It is very important for you to let your insurers know the complete details of your property, even if the policy ends up costing you more. It is important for you to have a policy that meets all your requirements while taking on your home insurance including fire, burglary, frozen pipes, extensions, storms, floods, etc., Bike Insurance : Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Bike theft is one of the most common type of vehicle theft and as such it is a wise investment to insure your bike. However bike insurance does not just cover you against theft, it also covers any damages that an accident (or delinquency) may cause to your bike or to yourself. Insurance companies tend to offer three main types of cover for your bike. 1) Third Party Only Bike Insurance This is the most basic level of motorcycle insurance cover available and covers you for third party death, third party injury and third party property damage. 2) Third Party Fire and Theft Bike Insurance This cover covers all of the above plus fire and theft cover and miscellaneous damage to your bike/motorcycle (subject to policy conditions). 3) Comprehensive Bike Insurance This insurance covers both of the above plus accidental damage to your bike/motorcycle. Travel Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Home insurance are of 2 main types: buildings insurance contents insurance. Buildings insurance are those policies that cover the actual building you live in Contents Insurance are those policies that cover the contents of your property. You can buy a single policy that covers you for both, but treat them as two separate policies. It is very important for you to let your insurers know the complete details of your property, even if the policy ends up costing you more. It is important for you to have a policy that meets all your requirements while taking on your home insurance including fire, burglary, frozen pipes, extensions, storms, floods, etc., Life Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. A life insurance policy is a long-term commitment. Life assurance is a policy provided by an insurance company that pays your family either a lump sum or a series of smaller sums in the event of your death. There are several types of life insurance: Level term insurance designed to pay out a sum of money if the policyholder should die during the policys term. The sum assured is guaranteed and remains unchanged throughout the term. Decreasing term life insurance i.e. mortgage protection cover where the sum decreases during the policy. It is regularly used to protect capital and interest repayments on a mortgage. Renewable term insurance On the expiry date there is an option to continue without a health review. Convertible term insurance Level term insurance with the option to revert to whole life or endowment insurance. Increasing term insurance Due to inflation the value of money declines each year. Consequently, this form of insurance combats that with an escalating sum assured. Index linked term insurance Some insurers provide the option for the premium to be increased each year in relation to the Retail Price Index. Income Protection Income protection insurance is taken out against the payment of a debt ie it promises to cover your repayments (whether it is a loan or credit card debt) in the event that you lose your income due to unemployment, illness or an accident. Accident, Sickness and Unemployment You can be covered for accidents, sickness or involuntary unemployment. This cover does generally have exclusions for sickness and unemployment. Exclusions for accident and sickness can include: Any existing physical or medical condition of which you were aware on the date of signing the application form. Any disablement for which you had received treatment or advice during the 12 months immediately preceding the start date of insurance. Any disablement for which medical evidence has not been provided by a registered medical practitioner. Exclusions for unemployment can include: Unemployment resulting from industrial action, misconduct, voluntary unemployment or redundancy, and resignation. Unemployment which you were already aware of when signing the application form. If you are not registered as unemployed or not seeking alternative employment. Any unemployment which is a normal incident or seasonal occurrence in your occupation. Accident Sickness You can choose to be covered incase you have an accident or become ill and you are unable to work. You should remember that policies will exclude cover for the following: Any existing physical or medical condition of which you were aware on the date of signing the application form. Any disablement for which you had received treatment or advice during the 12 months immediately preceding the start date of insurance. Any disablement for which medical evidence has not been provided by a registered medical practitioner. Unemployment Only You can choose to be covered in case you become unemployed. This cover is generally only available if you have been employed/self employed continuously for a set time period. Exclusions can include, unemployment: Resulting from industrial action, misconduct, voluntary unemployment or redundancy, resignation. Which you were already aware of when signing the application form. If you are not registered as unemployed or not seeking alternative employment. Which is a normal incident or seasonal occurrence in your occupation.

Does the Media Encourage Terrorism? Essay -- essays research papers f

DO THE MEDIA ENCOURAGE TERRORISM The news media of American society does not encourage terrorism. The only thing that the media encourages is knowledge of what is going on around the world. Unfortunately, some terrorist organizations use the news media to gain recognition for their groups causes and goals. Most of the time, the media will serve as force to gain citizen support for the government’s actions against a terrorist movement. The only problem with having the freedom of press that the United States enjoys is that everyone has a voice. When it comes down to an American killing an American, the media is not allied with the terrorist. In many cases the television and newspaper crews serve to work directly against the militia organization. Americans do not like to see fellow citizens die at the hands of a terrorist, especially by an American terrorist. Timothy McVeigh, probably unknowingly, helped in decreasing the number of American terrorist (Grosscup, 117). McVeigh’s act, bombing the Murrah building in Oklahoma City, was seen as so repulsive that many law-abiding people attracted to militias simply walked away. The majority of Americans didn’t want to be associated with anything like the killing of 168 Americans, even though McVeigh had only attended a few militia meetings. The media coverage for the bombing in 1995 gave the American public the education needed to assess what was going on in the militant organizations across the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Feminism Essay -- Literacy Analysis

The adversity women endured in a patriarchal society during the nineteenth century gave birth to female feminism. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the leading feminist during that time. Gilman strived for the oppressed women during the â€Å"Victorian Age†, she dedicated her life to social reform believing ever women should have equality. She opened the door for every day women to become involved and to be the masters of their own destiny. The subjugation Gilman faced in the nineteenth century as well as her own experience with postpartum depression greatly influenced her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Gilman lived in a time of American history where women were subjugated against and using her own life experience, she wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, during the American Civil War. After the war, America changed drastically and Gilman was at the forefront of that change. The Industrial Revolution soon took place after the war. The men who no longer fought on the battlefield began to integrate into the workforce. According to Carol Hymowitz who wrote A History of Women in America â€Å"The business of business took middle-class men away from their homes, leaving women alone in them. Women of the middle class were isolated from the world of men a commerce.† Women continued to do traditional work such as cooking, cleaning, making cloths and caring for children. Because the men earned money and the women did not, women’s work was not considered â€Å"real work† (History).This was the beginning of the inequality among sexe s. Gilman watched and observed the world around her as men portrayed women as nothing more than simple house-wives. Gilman was outraged by laws which made wives property of their husbands,... ... Works Cited Norton, Mary Beth. Major Problems in American Women’s History. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Health, 1989. p202.Print> Hymowitz, Carol, and Michaele Weissman. A History of Women in America. New York: Bantam Books, 1978. p64. Print> Johnson, Greg. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Short Stories for Students. Vol.1. p289. Print> Beck, Cheryl, and Jeanne Driscoll. Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Saubury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006. p83. Print> http://lion.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=BIO003857&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/13 36535002_12933&trailId=1369532E38F&area=ref&forward=critref_ft. Chadwych, Healy. Literature Online. Criticism & Reference: Full Text.2001.May 2, 2012. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/postpartum-depression/DS00546. Mayo Claim Staff. Postpartum Depression. June 3, 2010. May 2, 2012 Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Feminism Essay -- Literacy Analysis The adversity women endured in a patriarchal society during the nineteenth century gave birth to female feminism. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the leading feminist during that time. Gilman strived for the oppressed women during the â€Å"Victorian Age†, she dedicated her life to social reform believing ever women should have equality. She opened the door for every day women to become involved and to be the masters of their own destiny. The subjugation Gilman faced in the nineteenth century as well as her own experience with postpartum depression greatly influenced her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Gilman lived in a time of American history where women were subjugated against and using her own life experience, she wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, during the American Civil War. After the war, America changed drastically and Gilman was at the forefront of that change. The Industrial Revolution soon took place after the war. The men who no longer fought on the battlefield began to integrate into the workforce. According to Carol Hymowitz who wrote A History of Women in America â€Å"The business of business took middle-class men away from their homes, leaving women alone in them. Women of the middle class were isolated from the world of men a commerce.† Women continued to do traditional work such as cooking, cleaning, making cloths and caring for children. Because the men earned money and the women did not, women’s work was not considered â€Å"real work† (History).This was the beginning of the inequality among sexe s. Gilman watched and observed the world around her as men portrayed women as nothing more than simple house-wives. Gilman was outraged by laws which made wives property of their husbands,... ... Works Cited Norton, Mary Beth. Major Problems in American Women’s History. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Health, 1989. p202.Print> Hymowitz, Carol, and Michaele Weissman. A History of Women in America. New York: Bantam Books, 1978. p64. Print> Johnson, Greg. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Short Stories for Students. Vol.1. p289. Print> Beck, Cheryl, and Jeanne Driscoll. Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Saubury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006. p83. Print> http://lion.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext.do?id=BIO003857&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/13 36535002_12933&trailId=1369532E38F&area=ref&forward=critref_ft. Chadwych, Healy. Literature Online. Criticism & Reference: Full Text.2001.May 2, 2012. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/postpartum-depression/DS00546. Mayo Claim Staff. Postpartum Depression. June 3, 2010. May 2, 2012

Physics and Fish Bioenergetics Essays -- physics fish bioenergetics

Welcome to the world of fish physics. Many of us understand basic fish behavior and can reach logical conclusions about where the best place to throw a fishing line is. But when we don’t think much further than that we are missing out on some very interesting details of fish behavior. We can never fully understand why we find some fish in one location and some fish in other locations until we consider the concept of fish bioenergetics. Ultimately, fish behavior is a product of bioenergetics. First, we will take a look at basic fish bioenergetics, understanding the underlying quantitative principles. Then, we will look at some examples of how physical forces, thermodynamics, and light characteristics are specifically related to fish bioenergetics. Most of these models and ideas are made under the assumption that there is no predation or competition, which are additional factors that will influence behavior. Fish bioenergetics includes components of physical forces, thermodynamics, and light characteristics, and follows energy laws and theories describing any other closed system. What it all boils down to is the net rate of energy intake. If this rate is positive a fish will grow and if it is negative then a fish will begin to undergo the stresses of losing biomass. Fish bioenergetics is really a matter of efficiency. Potential profit for a fish at any given position in a stream is simply the amount of energy coming into its system as prey minus the cost of staying at that position. This simplified model can be desribed by P = D - S where P is potential profit (calories/hour), D is available drifting invertebrate energy (calories/hr), and S is swimming cost (calories per hour) (Fausch 1984). For example, th... ...monids at different scales. Ecology 79: 281-294. Hughes, N.F., 1999. Fish ecology course, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Mundie, J.H., 1969. Ecological implications of the diet of juvenile coho salmon in streams. Pages 135-152 in T.G. Northcote, editor. Symposium on salmon and trout in streams, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Stephens, D.W., and J.R. Krebs, 1986. Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Vogel, J.L., D.A. Beauchamp, 1999. Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to salmonid prey. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 1293-1297. Wankowski, J.W.J., 1979. Morphological limitations, prey size selectivity, and growth response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Journal of Fish Biology. Physics and Fish Bioenergetics Essays -- physics fish bioenergetics Welcome to the world of fish physics. Many of us understand basic fish behavior and can reach logical conclusions about where the best place to throw a fishing line is. But when we don’t think much further than that we are missing out on some very interesting details of fish behavior. We can never fully understand why we find some fish in one location and some fish in other locations until we consider the concept of fish bioenergetics. Ultimately, fish behavior is a product of bioenergetics. First, we will take a look at basic fish bioenergetics, understanding the underlying quantitative principles. Then, we will look at some examples of how physical forces, thermodynamics, and light characteristics are specifically related to fish bioenergetics. Most of these models and ideas are made under the assumption that there is no predation or competition, which are additional factors that will influence behavior. Fish bioenergetics includes components of physical forces, thermodynamics, and light characteristics, and follows energy laws and theories describing any other closed system. What it all boils down to is the net rate of energy intake. If this rate is positive a fish will grow and if it is negative then a fish will begin to undergo the stresses of losing biomass. Fish bioenergetics is really a matter of efficiency. Potential profit for a fish at any given position in a stream is simply the amount of energy coming into its system as prey minus the cost of staying at that position. This simplified model can be desribed by P = D - S where P is potential profit (calories/hour), D is available drifting invertebrate energy (calories/hr), and S is swimming cost (calories per hour) (Fausch 1984). For example, th... ...monids at different scales. Ecology 79: 281-294. Hughes, N.F., 1999. Fish ecology course, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Mundie, J.H., 1969. Ecological implications of the diet of juvenile coho salmon in streams. Pages 135-152 in T.G. Northcote, editor. Symposium on salmon and trout in streams, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Stephens, D.W., and J.R. Krebs, 1986. Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Vogel, J.L., D.A. Beauchamp, 1999. Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to salmonid prey. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 1293-1297. Wankowski, J.W.J., 1979. Morphological limitations, prey size selectivity, and growth response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Journal of Fish Biology.

Marketing Essay

Crispy Crunch’s main problem is that they haven’t advertised their product in many years. Since then the target market has changed a lot and has a very high multi-tasking behaviour. It is hard to pin point the exact needs and wants of this culture anymore except for one thing, they are all very technologically routed. With the internet at our finger tips, TV whenever we want, and smartphones in everyone’s pocket. That is the only thing you can really count on this day in age. The chocolate bar market is mature and experiences only modest growth annually. There are 4 major players all with similar marketing strategies; find something unique in the product and promote it. Chocolate bars can be found in the same locations and are sold at very similar prices so they must use marketing communications to distinguish themselves. Crispy Crunch has had little to none in the last five years. Crispy Crunch’s goal is to break into the top ten again and increase market share from 3.5% to 4% within 12 months. The current awareness of Crispy Crunch is 35% among the target market, which must increase significantly in order to increase market share and profits. My main recommendation is to reach out to the target market using the only real linking factor among them; the internet. I think rich media is the best way to reach this audience because it makes use of technology and is available to audiences of many different tastes and lifestyles at all hours of the day. Search advertising is when an advertiser is listed within or alongside search results in exchange for paying a fee each time someone clicks on the listing in those search results. If Crispy Crunch were to apply that type of advertising they could buy such words as â€Å"chocolate†, â€Å"crispy†, or â€Å"delicious†. When someone searched a phrase with these words they would see Crispy Crunch’s ad. Pros This is a great way to advertise since you only play for the clicks you get. It is available 24/7 to a large audience and 80% of all internet traffic begins at a search engine. Cons This form of advertising can be an annoyance to consumers, therefore they become put off the product. Rich Media Rich media Incorporates animation, sound, video and interactivity into the advertising messages, like a short commercial. Marketers have found that a 10-second ad is the maximum acceptable length for an online video ad, and if it is to be viewed entirely it must be entertaining. Pros The similarity to television makes it attractive to traditional advertisers. Many TV shows are now being viewed online; these ads are often placed at the beginning, between scenes and at the end. They are available 24/7 to a large audience. Cons Sometimes it can be hard to make an ad interesting in that short of a time frame. Some viewers find these ads to be an annoyance. Mobile Advertising Advertisers are trying to capitalize on the popularity of cell phones by sending ads via text message. Marketers interested in reaching younger targets are getting involved with text messaging. They are asking consumers to get involved with their brands by running promotions that include short codes with their marketing material, often found on posters, packaging, bottle caps, etc. Consumers can enter or scan codes to participate in contests, download free music, and get ring tones and prizes. Pros This is a great way to advertise because of the speed, directness, portability, and low cost. It is very common with younger target markets. Cons These messages are often seen as an annoyance and intrusive and are too closely related to telemarketing. Some of these ads may even cost the consumer for the data they use. Recommendations I recommend that Crispy Crunch begins advertising with the use of rich media. I think this is best suited to reach their target group which has a high multi-tasking behaviour. Many people in the age group of 18-29 year olds have hectic schedules and are now watching episodes of their favorite shows online because they are not always able to watch it and this form of television has allowed them a more flexible lifestyle around their shows schedule. Rich media also provides 24/7 access, it can reach many people at once and it is not as invasive or annoying at other methods of advertisement such as direct response, text message or email while still being very cost effective. I would also urge Crispy Crunch to stick with their previous slogan â€Å"The only thing as good as your Crispy Crunch is someone else’s.† as well as the general message of the campaign. The ads were short, funny, and to the point. I think that the people in their target market have most likely never seen the previous ads or have forgotten about them. Sometimes bringing back the old is very well received. A&W did very well bringing back the vintage vibe of their restaurants. The ads from the 1989 campaign were very well received and upped market share then and I’m sure they could do it again with the same overall message, they just need the attention.